criterios de tokio pancreatitis

Virological and serological tests are required when differential diagnosis is difficult. Application of TG07 diagnostic criteria resulted in definite and suspected diagnoses in 4,815 patients for a diagnosis rate of 79.4%, confirming that TG13 provides improved diagnostic capabilities for AC (Table 1). Estimates mortality of patients with pancreatitis, based on initial and 48-hour lab values. The TG13 criteria are also useful as an indicator for biliary drainage by enabling the identification of patients requiring early biliary drainage as Grade II. Tel. Table 2 shows the TG18/TG13 diagnostic criteria for AC. Although Charcot's triad provides highly specific diagnostic criteria 9, studies have reported its sensitivity to be on the order of 50 to 70% 9-16. C/ Sor Ángela de la Cruz, 8, 1ºA. Hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin ≥5 mg/dl). As such, we recommend that the TG13 severity grading criteria for AC be adopted as TG18 severity grading criteria and used as standard practice in the clinical setting. Q2. As such, although research suggests that THAD may be useful in the diagnosis of AC, given the current paucity of evidence, further clinical studies are needed to determine its usefulness (in the diagnosis and severity assessment of AC). 1 Jefe del Departamento de Cirugía General del Hospital Central del Estado de Chihuahua. Pancreatitis aguda evidencia actual. We appreciate all secretariats of the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery for their technical support. This suggests that the TG13 severity grading criteria for AC can be used to identify Grade II patients whose prognoses may be improved through biliary drainage. Guías de Tokio con la participación de más de 20 países;ésta iniciativa nace con Miura F. y Col (2007) 3 posteriormente se realizaron cambios en base a estudios retrospectivos (Takada T. y col 2013)4. Se estudian los criterios parenquimatosos y ductales, dividiendo a los . 1) Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madri. One study reported significantly higher levels of serum procalcitonin in patients assessed as having severe AC based on the TG07 severity grading criteria 43. La obstrucción de la vía biliar y la colonización bacteriana subsiguiente condicionan la aparición de la infección. Se recomienda la estructuración de un esquema diagnóstico oportuno de colecistitis aguda para que sea utilizado en el Hospital Alfredo Noboa Montenegro. El establecimiento de dietas sanas y equilibradas requiere, además del conocimiento de las necesidades nutricionales en las diferentes situaciones fisiológicas y/o patológicas del individuo, un conocimiento profundo de las ... USG. A. Inflamación sistémica (1) Fiebre y/o escalofríos . The entire literature on TG13 diagnostic criteria for AC consisted of two case series studies 17, 18, indicating the paucity of studies in this area. Los Cursos Crash son el compañero de estudio ideal y el antídoto perfecto contra el estrés de los exámenes. Constituye la guía definitiva de los diagnósticos enfermeros revisados y aprobados por NANDA-I. Cada diagnóstico enfermero consta de una etiqueta o nombre, una definición, las características definitorias, los factores de riesgo y/o ... de pancreatitis aguda, contabilizando más del 50% de todos los casos de pancreatitis y muestra una tendencia al aumento (11). This biliary stenosis or blockage elevates pressure within the biliary system and flushes the microorganisms or endotoxins from the infected bile into systemic circulation, inducing a systemic inflammatory response 1, 2. Definición de FO: criterios de Marshal modificados. El riesgo varía de acuerdo a la edad, sexo, raza e índice de masa corporal. 4 El diagnóstico de colecistitis asociada a pancreatitis repercute en la necesidad de utilizar antibióticos y el requerimiento de colecistectomía de urgencia en caso de complicaciones como . Se estudian los criterios parenquimatosos y ductales, dividiendo a los . The entire literature on TG13 severity grading criteria consisted of four case series studies 17, 18, 41, 42, again illustrating the paucity of research in this area. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. La colecistitis aguda es una de las enfermedades más frecuentes a la que debe enfrentarse el cirujano general. Experience with 15 consecutive cases, Clinical application and verification of the TG13 diagnostic and severity grading criteria for acute cholangitis: an international multicenter observational study, Comparison of two editions of Tokyo guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis, Ultrasonography of the biliary tract - up to date. :377421La Bilirrubina indirecta es un elemento que: No se filtra por el glomérulo porque va unida a la albúmina. These results show that abdominal ultrasound has high specificity but insufficient sensitivity 23. La cuarta edición sigue la misma filosofía que las ediciones anteriores, ya que se presenta como un texto eminentemente práctico y útil en el aprendizaje de la asignatura de Dermatología. Evidence of the etiology on imaging (stricture, stone, stent etc. Laboratory data: abnormal liver function tests, C-2. El índice tabáquico o índice paquete-año designa una unidad de medida que permite juzgar el consumo de tabaco de una persona. In terms of predictors of poor outcomes, whereas univariate analysis has identified renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, intrahepatic biliary stenosis, AC caused by malignant disease, and hypoalbuminemia as significant predictors of 30-day mortality, multivariate analysis has identified only intrahepatic biliary stenosis and hypoalbuminemia 18. Se encontró adentro – Página 153TABLA 11.5 Criterios de Tokio para el diagnóstico de colecistitis aguda A. Signos locales de inflamación Signo de Murphy ... La pancreatitis aguda comienza, por lo general, como dolor agudo en el epigastrio, constante y que no remite, ... La pancreatitis aguda (PA) es la enfermedad pancreática más frecuente en el mundo 1.Tiene una incidencia estimada de 4,9 a 80 casos por 100.000 personas 2.La incidencia varía en las diferentes regiones geográficas, dependiendo del consumo de alcohol y de la frecuencia de litiasis biliar 3.Cifras en los EUA muestran un incremento del 100% en el número de hospitalizaciones . 2 En cuanto al diagnóstico, la ecografía aislada no es un método confiable para realizar un diagnóstico definitivo de colecistitis en el contexto de pancreatitis, por lo que debe cotejarse con . No difference was observed between groups for patients with Grade I or Grade III AC; however, 30-day mortality was significantly lower in patients with Grade II AC who were treated with early or urgent biliary drainage (Table 3) 17. Privacy Policy. Excluding abdominal pain, one of the Charcot's triad, gave 91.8% sensitivity and 77.7% specificity, with a 5.9% false positive rate for acute cholecystitis; so, this was used as the updated TG13 diagnostic criteria 4, 5. Related clinical questions and references are also included. With such cases, diagnosis can be made with additional blood test findings. [Future research question], Research suggests that dynamic CT and dynamic MRI imaging might be useful test methods in the diagnosis of acute cholangitis. Cholecystitis: Acute and Chronic. La nueva normativa, aprobada en el último consejo de . Tokyo Guidelines 2018（TG18）. RESUMEN. Material y métodos: se incluyen 47 pacientes con diagnóstico de pancreatitis crónica. The TG13 severity grading criteria may therefore be useful as an indicator for biliary drainage as well as a predictive factor when assessing the patient's prognosis. Timing of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis revised wses. Although AC has long been diagnosed on the basis of Charcot's triad, as discussed in greater detail below, this method is problematic because of its low sensitivity (around 26%). y la nueva clasificación propuesta recientemente en Rosemont. Learn more. El 90 al 95% de los casos de Colecistitis Aguda . Los médicos emplean esta unidad para medir el riesgo de aparición de EPOC y de Cáncer de . However, the study consisted of only a small case series, and it is not clear what types of patients were misclassified in this way. 2 tipos de pancreatitis aguda: edematosa y necrotizante La descripcin de colecciones pancreticas y peripancreticas han creado confusin.. No intenta ser una gua de - Pancreatitis aguda en adultos mayores de 18 aos. - Subido por PiniDocs By Sofía y Alejandra . Los avances en el campo de la Virología médica, la identificación de nuevos agentes infecciosos, la identificación de la replicación viral, el diseño de antivirales, entre otros, hicieron necesaria la aparición de esta, la segunda ... 91 555 11 19. DIRECTRICES DE TOKIO 2018: CRITERIOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO Y CLASIFICACIÓN DE GRAVEDAD DE COLANGITIS AGUDA. 91 555 35 81. As evidenced by the above, different studies have produced different results related to the weighting of each factor, with one report even identifying hepatic dysfunction as a significant prognostic factor; these varied results have led to inconsistent conclusions. Las guías de Tokio 2018 (GT18) sobre CA clasifican la gravedad . A-2. Debido a esto se desarrollaron las Guías de Tokio las cuales ayudan a hacer más objetivos y globales los criterios diagnósticos, y a su vez dar criterios de severidad. Moreover, when the TG13 diagnostic criteria are used, clinicians can make a diagnosis based on clinical signs and symptoms, routine blood tests, and diagnostic imaging, all of which can be performed and provide results quickly, are minimally invasive for the patients, and are inexpensive. ™\¹™2Ôûî:ÖDìlVëSÍ'Âþ ÇLJ ‹qÁÐðŠŽd!ö 1、抗菌薬（Antimicrobial therapy） CT imaging is also useful for diagnosing local complications (e.g. “Grade III” acute cholangitis is defined as acute cholangitis that is associated with the onset of dysfunction at least in any one of the following organs/systems: 1. Acceso libre. Javier Carrillo-Gorena 3. These are real scientific discoveries about the nature of the human body, which can be invaluable to physicians taking care of patients. 2006; 13: 25 - 32) Grupo de trabajo. La colangitis aguda es una patología descrita primera vez en 1877 por Jean Marie Charcot quien la describió como una "fiebre hepática". THAD is observed in a wide range of diseases, including acute pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, and pneumonia, so this method may not be expected to be highly specific. We therefore recommend that the TG13 diagnostic criteria for AC be adopted as TG18 diagnostic criteria and used as standard practice in the clinical setting. We are not allowed to display external PDFs yet. Lecons sur les maladies du foie des voies biliares et des reins, Risk factors and classification of acute suppurative cholangitis, The urgency of diagnosis and surgical treatment of acute suppurative cholangitis, Factors in management of acute cholangitis, Acute cholangitis. Se encontró adentro – Página 460CUADRO 86.1 Opciones para la antibioterapiaa CUADRO 86.2 Directrices de Tokio 2018: grados de colangitis aguda 2018 y tratamiento recomendado Grado I (leve) Definición: no cumple los criterios para la colangitis moderada (grado II) o ... Luis Bernardo Enríquez-Sánchez 1 *. En las últimas . Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. We also would like to express our deep gratitude to the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery for the article processing managing office of Tokyo Guidelines 18 to prepare the publication. Estudios que datan hasta 10 años atrás, reportan incidencias de 40-50% para pancreatitis biliar y alrededor del 20% para La toxicología alimentaria es una disciplina que reclama, cada vez más, la atención de investigadores y autoridades académicas, legislativas y gubernativas. There are various disadvantages relating to the accuracy of abdominal ultrasound such as the greater likelihood of being affected by technician experience and clinical condition of the patient compared to CT scans 25, but abdominal ultrasound should be performed initially in patients with suspected AC given its minimal invasiveness, wide availability, convenience, and cost effectiveness. Guía definitiva de los diagnósticos enfermeros revisados y aprobados por NANDA-I. La presente edición (2015-2017) ha sido rigurosamente actualizada y revisada por un equipo de expertas españolas en taxonomías enfermeras. Hematological dysfunction: platelet count <100,000/mm. Severe AC can lead to organ failure due to septicemia; a recent report has suggested that measurement of serum procalcitonin, a serum marker for septicemia, can provide a simpler and faster method to assess the severity of AC. Yokoe M, et al. 1.5 Objetivos 1.5.1 General Evidenciar la aplicación de la Guía de Tokio 2018 en emergencia para el diagnóstico de colecistitis aguda. La pancreatitis aguda representa alrededor de 200,000 ingresos anuales en EU. Before (top row) and after (bottom row) the onset of acute cholangitis. Congreso Internacional Online - Conferencia de Apertura - Jacques Marescaux MD (Francia) - Imágenes, Robótica e Inteligencia Artificial. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. A study has also shown that dynamic MRI shows the transient periductal signal difference, which is nearly equal to THAD on early-phase of dynamic CT, in a high percentage of patients with AC 34. In the 2012 revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis, it is suggested that 3 organ systems should be assessed to define organ failure: respiratory, cardiovascular and renal. [Background question], Charcot's triad shows very high specificity. Should ultrasound or CT be performed to identify the cause of acute cholangitis and demonstrate biliary stenosis? Although MRI/MRCP are objective imaging methods with sufficient diagnostic capabilities, they are usually not the first-choice test method for reasons of availability and convenience. The Ranson's Criteria for Pancreatitis Mortality Estimates mortality of patients with pancreatitis, based on initial and 48-hour lab values. pacientes con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda, desde enero de 1998 hasta diciembre del 2003. Because T1 weighted images can depict calcium bilirubinate stones as high signal intensities, fat-suppressed T1 weighted imaging is a useful sequence to detect microcalculi 32 (Fig. "La monografía Imágenes diagnósticas en la infección revisa desde un punto de vista radiológico diversos procesos infecciosos que afectan a diferentes órganos y sistemas. When establishing prognoses using the TG13 severity grading criteria, there are problems with AC caused by malignant disease, but it can be useful to look at the correlation between severity grading and mortality rates. 1.5.2 Específicos In the TG18/TG13 diagnostic criteria for AC, a diagnosis of AC requires findings of systemic inflammation, based on fever or an elevated inflammatory response (elevated leukocytes, high C-reactive protein). La Colecistitis Aguda constituye una de las patologías más importantes en el ámbito de emergencias. GRADO diagnóstico para la pancreatitis aguda. Q5. Recently a large-scale multicenter case series study to validate the TG13 diagnostic criteria for AC was conducted at sites in Japan and Taiwan 17. THAD is hardly seen in healthy individuals (1.78 to 5% of cases), but is seen in 67.9 to 85% of patients with AC 35, 38 (Figs 8, 9, and Videos S1, S2). REVIEW Open Access 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis Ari Leppäniemi1*, Matti Tolonen1, Antonio Tarasconi2, Helmut Segovia-Lohse3, Emiliano Gamberini4, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick5, Chad G. Ball5, Neil Parry6, Massimo Sartelli7, Daan Wolbrink8, Harry van Goor8, Gianluca Baiocchi9, Luca Ansaloni10, Walter Biffl11, Federico Coccolini10, Salomone Di Saverio12, Yoram . (Level D). Recomendación(A). Gravedad inicial de la pancreatitis aguda (PA) Fracaso orgánico*(FO) PO2/FiO2 ≤300 Creatinina > 1.9 mg/dl. For Grade II, white blood cell count abnormalities and hypoalbuminemia have been shown to be significant prognostic factors 17. fundaciondaicim International Online Congress octubre 14, 2020. . CRITERIOS TOKIO TABLAS. Moreover, the TG07 severity grading criteria were found to be of limited use due to the ambiguous definition of moderate cholangitis as “not responding to initial treatment” and the lack of methodologies allowing clinicians to carry out rapid assessment at the time of diagnosis 3-6. Liquido libre intra . Laboratory data: evidence of inflammatory response, B-2. Tokyo Guidelines 2013（TG13）. ; Criterios de diagnóstico y severidad: Triada de Charcot: Síntomas: Dolor abdominal, Fiebre e Ictericia Tiene baja sensibilidad Cir Cir, 2021; 89 (1), pp: 12-21. Response to the question: “Do you agree with the suggestion that TG13 diagnostic criteria for acute cholangitis would be adopted as the TG13/TG18 criteria without revising setting?”, Identification of the cause of acute cholangitis by abdominal ultrasound. Colecistitis aguda litiásica: aplicación de las Guías de Tokio en los criterios de gravedad (en castellà). CT imaging can clearly identify bile duct dilatation and can contribute to much better diagnoses of the cause of biliary stenosis (e.g. Q8. CQs in TG18 (in Japanese). Los nuevos planes de estudio adaptados a EEES incluyen una nueva asignatura denominada Fundamentos y Procedimientos Quirúrgicos orientada al aprendizaje de los problemas más genéricos que afectan a la patología quirúrgica. Comparte tu material de estudio en uDocz y ayuda a miles como tú. El diagnóstico de la pancreatitis aguda generalmente se realiza por la presencia de 2 de 3 de los siguientes criterios: dolor abdominal consistente con la enfermedad, amilasa o lipasa sérica elevada más de tres veces del límite superior normal e imágenes fuertemente sugestivas. El objetivo principal de este Atlas es mostrar a los cirujanos, de una manera detallada y concisa, cómo llevar a cabo procedimientos de cirugía mínimamente invasiva mediante laparoscopia. Guias de Tokio 2018. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Infecciones intraabdominales Colangitis aguda. (Recommendation 1, level D). By Daniela Mosquera. Acute cholangitis has long been diagnosed on the basis of Charcot's triad, which relies on clinical signs 8.Although Charcot's triad provides highly specific diagnostic criteria 9, studies have reported its sensitivity to be on the order of 50 to 70% 9-16.More recent multicenter case series studies showed Charcot's triad diagnosis rates to be much lower (26.4% 4 and 21.2% 17). 2 Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Martín Guidi,1 Cecilia Curvale,1 Analía Pasqua,2 Hui Jer Hwang,1 Hugo Pires,3 Sandra Basso,4 Diego Haberman,5 Pilar Vizcarra,3 Marisa Canicoba,6 Raúl Matanó,1 Oscar Mazza2 1 Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red "El Cruce". Aval AEG. Criterios de Balthazar. Unlike abdominal ultrasound, CT imaging is not affected by intestinal gas and thus can be used to objectively identify high-attenuated nodules in the bile duct (Fig. Acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. These results suggest that serum procalcitonin levels are useful when assessing the severity of AC. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, • Pancreatitis aguda • Cólico renal o biliar . In Guías de Tokio 2018 by fundaciondaicim 24 noviembre, 2017. Given the possibility that the prognosis for Grade III patients may be improved if biliary drainage is performed at an even earlier stage, further research is warranted. Weigh risks and benefits of diagnostic . Enllaços externs. Is procalcitonin useful for diagnosis and severity assessment for acute cholangitis? Dr. Felipe Zapata. (Recommendation 1, level D). Criterios para el pronóstico de pancreatitis. According to the TG18/TG13 diagnostic criteria, a diagnosis of AC can be made if the patient presents with the three pathologies of systemic inflammation (must be present), cholestasis, and bile duct lesions (from imaging findings). Research comparing the diagnostic accuracy of MRI/MRCP, CT, and abdominal ultrasound in obstructive jaundice showed MRCP to have the best diagnostic capabilities, with benign and malignant disease being identified in 98% and 98% of cases, respectively, with MRI/MRCP, 82.86% and 91.43% of cases with CT, and 88% and 88% of cases with abdominal ultrasound 33. La colangitis aguda se produce como consecuencia de la obstrucción de la ví­a biliar y del crecimiento bacteriano en la bilis (1). tipo . This blockage elevates pressure within the biliary system and results in the infected bile being flushed into systemic circulation, inducing a systemic inflammatory response. Este trabajo es un estudio piloto de validación de los criterios de riesgo de coledocolitiasis ASGE en nuestra población, para evaluar su utilidad en el manejo de coledocolitiasis, . en 1985. Han participado alrededor de doscientos profesionales de Urgencias y de la mayoría de las especialidades del complejo sanitario cordobés El Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía. [Foreground question], The TG13 severity grading criteria are recommended to be used as the TG18 criteria because patients whose prognosis can potentially be improved by early biliary drainage can be identified by using these criteria. The literature contains no reports on diagnosis of AC using abdominal ultrasound and only reports on diagnostic capabilities for biliary stenosis/blockage that can cause AC. Objetivo: analizar las posibles diferencias en el diagnóstico final de pancreatitis crónica empleando los criterios estándar descritos por Wiersema y cols. Learn about our remote access options, Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan, Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan, Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Correspondence to: Tadahiro Takada, Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan, Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan, Department of Endoscopy and Ultrasound, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan, Mt Elizabeth Novena Hospital Singapore and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan, Division of General Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Surgical Oncology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, General Surgery and Minimal Invasive Surgery “Taquini”, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, DAICIM Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Department of Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Department of Surgery, Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, Department of General and HPB Surgery, Loreto Nuovo Hospital, Naples, Italy, First Department of Surgery, Agia Olga Hospital, Athens, Greece, Surgery Centre, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan, Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan, Department of EBM and Guidelines, Japan Council for Quality Health Care, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, Department of Surgery, Hospital Italiano, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Gastroenterolgical and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA, Surgical Gastroenterology /Hepatopancreatobiliary Unit, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Surgery, JR Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Teaching Hospital, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan. However, different studies have produced varying results in terms of the weighting of each prognostic factor, including the predictive value of hepatic dysfunction; as such, various issues still need to be resolved. Aunque en los últimos años han aumentado los casos de PA, su mortalidad . The lack of evidence in this field has prompted specialists to establish a consensus. Seiki Kiriyama, Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan; Kazuto Kozaka, Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan; Tadahiro Takada, Fumihiko Miura, and Keita Wada, Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Steven M. Strasberg, Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Henry A. Pitt, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Toshifumi Gabata, Director, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan; Jiro Hata, Department of Endoscopy and Ultrasound, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan; Kui-Hin Liau, Liau KH Consulting PL, Mt Elizabeth Novena Hospital Singapore and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Akihiko Horiguchi, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan; Keng-Hao Liu, Tsann-Long Hwang, and Miin-Fu Chen, Division of General Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Cheng-Hsi Su, Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Palepu Jagannath, Department of Surgical Oncology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India; Takao Itoi and Shuntaro Mukai, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Dirk J. Gouma, Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Yasuhisa Mori, Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Mariano Eduardo Giménez, Chair of General Surgery and Minimal Invasive Surgery “Taquini”, University of Buenos Aires, DAICIM Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Wayne Shih-Wei Huang, Department of Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Myung-Hwan Kim, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Kohji Okamoto, Department of Surgery, Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Giulio Belli, Department of General and HPB Surgery, Loreto Nuovo Hospital, Naples, Italy; Christos Dervenis, First Department of Surgery, Agia Olga Hospital, Athens, Greece; Angus C. W. Chan, Surgery Centre, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Wan Yee Lau, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Itaru Endo, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Harumi Gomi, Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Masahiro Yoshida, Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Department of EBM and Guidelines, Japan Council for Quality Health Care, Tokyo, Japan; Toshihiko Mayumi, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan; Todd H. Baron, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Eduardo de Santibañes, Department of Surgery, Hospital Italiano, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Chen-Guo Ker, Department of Surgery, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Ho-Seong Han and Yoo-Seok Yoon, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; In-Seok Choi, Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea; Dong-Sup Yoon, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Ryota Higuchi and Masakazu Yamamoto, Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Seigo Kitano, President, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Masafumi Inomata, Department of Gastroenterolgical and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Daniel J. Deziel, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Eduard Jonas, Surgical Gastroenterology/Hepatopancreatobiliary Unit, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Koichi Hirata, Department of Surgery, JR Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Yoshinobu Sumiyama, Director, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan; Kazuo Inui, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Teaching Hospital, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.

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